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Review Curr Neuropharmacol

. 2015 Jan;13(1):12-20. doi: 10.2174/1570159X13666141210224137.

Synthetic cathinones: a new public health problem

Laurent Karila  ¹ , Bruno Megarbane  ² , Olivier Cottencin  ³ , Michel Lejoyeux  ⁴ Affiliations

• PMID: 26074740
• PMCID: PMC4462036
• DOI: 10.2174/1570159X13666141210224137

Free PMC article

Abstract

New psychoactive substances (NPS) have completely modified the drug scene and the current landscape of addiction. Synthetic substances, such as substituted or synthetic cathinones, also known as « legal highs », are often produced and used to mimic the effects of controlled drugs such as cocaine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy), and methamphetamine. The overwhelming majority of synthetic cathinones are produced in China and South East Asian countries. The Internet has emerged as the new marketplace for NPS, playing a major role in providing information on acquisition, synthesis, extraction, identification, and substance use. All these compounds are intentionally mislabeled and sold on-line under slang terms such as bath salts, plant food, plant feeders and research chemicals. They are sometimes labeled « not for human use » or « not tested for hazards or toxicity ». The rapid spread of NPS forces member countries of the European Union to adapt their response to the potential new dangers that may cause. To date, not only health actors but also the general public need to be clearly informed and aware of dangers resulting from NPS spread and use. Here, we review the major clinical effects of synthetic cathinones to highlight their impact on public health. A literature search was conducted from 2009 to 2014 based on PubMed, Google Scholar, Erowid, and governmental websites, using the following keywords alone or in combination: “new psychoactive substances”, “synthetic cathinones”, “substituted cathinones”, “mephedrone”, “methylone”, “MDPV”, “4-MEC”, “addiction”, and “substance use disorder”.

Keywords: 4-MEC; Addiction; MDPV; mephedrone; methylone; new psychoactive substances; substance use disorder; substituted cathinones; synthetic cathinones.

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Cited by 36 articles

• A Comparison of Acute Pharmacological Effects of Methylone and MDMA Administration in Humans and Oral Fluid Concentrations as Biomarkers of Exposure. Poyatos L, Papaseit E, Olesti E, Pérez-Mañá C, Ventura M, Carbón X, Grifell M, Fonseca F, Torrens M, de la Torre R, Farré M. Biology (Basel). 2021 Aug 17;10(8):788. doi: 10.3390/biology10080788. PMID: 34440023 Free PMC article.
• Pharmacokinetics of Synthetic Cathinones Found in Bath Salts in Mouse Brain and Plasma Using High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Gearlds C, Bouldin JB, McKinney M, Schreiner S, Brown SD, Pond BB. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2021 Nov;46(6):771-778. doi: 10.1007/s13318-021-00712-1. Epub 2021 Aug 24. PMID: 34427910
• An updated review on synthetic cathinones. Soares J, Costa VM, Bastos ML, Carvalho F, Capela JP. Arch Toxicol. 2021 Sep;95(9):2895-2940. doi: 10.1007/s00204-021-03083-3. Epub 2021 Jun 8. PMID: 34100120 Review.
• Structure Assignment of Seized Products Containing Cathinone Derivatives Using High Resolution Analytical Techniques. Gonçalves JL, Alves VL, Aguiar J, Caldeira MJ, Teixeira HM, Câmara JS. Metabolites. 2021 Feb 27;11(3):144. doi: 10.3390/metabo11030144. PMID: 33673683 Free PMC article.
• New psychoactive substances: a review and updates. Shafi A, Berry AJ, Sumnall H, Wood DM, Tracy DK. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2020 Dec 17;10:2045125320967197. doi: 10.1177/2045125320967197. eCollection 2020. PMID: 33414905 Free PMC article. Review.

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References

1. E.M.C.D.D.A. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Drug Report 2014; Trends and developments; Publications Office of the European Union:; Luxembourg. 2014. pp. 1–80.

Publication types

• Review

MeSH terms

• Alkaloids /
• adverse effects
• Alkaloids / chemical synthesis*
• / pharmacology*
• Designer Drugs / chemistry
• Drug Users
• Humans
• Drugs / adverse effects
• chemical synthesis*
• Illicit Drugs / pharmacology*
• Psychotropic Drugs adverse effects
• Psycho Drugs / chemical
• Drugs pharmacology*
• Substance-Related Disorders / epidemiology*

Substances

• Alkaloids
• Designer Drugs
• Illicit Drugs
• Psychotropic Drugs
• cathinone

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